My Life In Horror: Poltergeist
5/4/2023
The Freelings, for all the affection the film has for them, are invaders and desecrators in this scenario (albeit unwittingly), as well as victims of the same historical forces. My Life In Horror: Poltergeist I don't clearly recall the first time I saw the original Poltergeist. It's an artefact of childhood, as much so as beloved toys, games and cartoons. I was certainly far too young -by the standards and general assumptions of 1980s British culture-, but that didn't prevent it becoming one of many lynchpins of horror media for me; a standard by which others of similar ilk continue to be measured. The film's imagery, set-pieces, performances and soundtrack are seared into my memory so indelibly that, some 30-odd years later, I can happily replay the film in its entirety behind my eyes. From establishing early scenes, in which we're introduced to the Freeling family; their dynamics and to one another (not to mention the halcyon, 1980s Elysia of Questa Verde), to the metaphysical anarchy that is unleashed later on, this film holds a sentimental charge and significance I find difficult to see past. It's a strange thing, perhaps, to describe examples of horror cinema as comforting, but that's exactly what this is for me; subject matter aside, it evokes -in inchoate and ineffable fashion- a state of being that now only exists in memory; a child that is, ironically, very much a ghost himself. For a work so familiar, it never fails to engage or evoke powerful emotion: From the moment The Star Spangled Banner plays over the opening titles, that first nostalgic chatter of the dead TV channel (younger readers may find that aspect quite mystifying, given that the phenomena simply doesn't exist any more), a sense of old and familiar belonging stirs; a certainty of place and nature that only very young children know. And even the most horrific, dark and disturbing scenes don't discourage that internal smile (if anything, they strain inspire it to spread even further). I feel the weight and texture of a plastic VHS tape in my fingers, remember the whine of the "rewind" function as the tape rolls back. I even recall the electronic smell of o-zone surrounding the old 1980s video player, the heat that radiated from the damn thing when it had been on for too long. But it's so much more than that: it's the texture of old carpets, the smell of no-longer-available washing detergent. It's the unfinished awkwardness of a body and mind that've barely begun to know themselves. In that, the film has grown and evolved as I have; the points of reference and identification shifting and elaborating in response to new contexts. Back then, I distinctly recall identifying strongly with Robbie Freeling, the only boy of the household (also the classic middle-child, who has neither the hysteria of the eldest nor the mystique of youngest daughter, Carol Anne, and therefore struggles to maintain relevance between them). Despite having a number of powerful set-pieces (the invasion of the animated tree, assault by an extremely creepy clown-doll), Robbie plays a tertiary role both in the film and the family (his function is generally to alert the adults of when something unpleasant is manifesting around Carol Anne). Even so, Robbie is a key facilitator of the plot; he's one of the first members of the family to experience fear of his surroundings, to notice -perhaps intuitively- that something is wrong. Likewise, owing to his framing and an amazing performance by actor Oliver Robyns, he is instantly identifiable as a boy-child of the 1980s, ambient details such as the Star Wars toys littering the room he and Carol Anne share, the movie posters on his wall, making him the obvious avatar for those members of the audience who share his demographic. Beyond that, the writing poignantly captures the concerns and sublimated fears of a boy his age in a manner that any child will recognise: For Robbie, as for all of us during our earliest years, the world is a protean state; shadows and doorways seethe with unspoken threat, an approaching storm heralds horrors that no amount of comfort or protection afforded by the middle-class, suburban setting can dispel. The only difference is: For Robbie, those fears have a habit of coming true. Later, revisiting the film after a long absence, it became clear that Robbie's experience is simultaneously gothic and psychological in nature; the former's characteristic concern of "the return of the repressed" runs throughout Poltergeist's mythology (Questa Verde's status as a community created to fulfil corporate concerns, its erection atop ancient burial sites that are treated with utter contempt by the powers of materialism and modernity, are ripe subjects for the American Gothic, even given the film's post-modern nature). Simultaneously, a certain poetry occurs between character and setting: sublimated or repressed fears and concerns are manifested by the supernatural forces at play, Robbie -along with the rest of his family- forced to confront what their entire lives are confections tailored to distract from and deny: The sublimated horrors of history, that are particularly poignant in American horror, given the relative youth of the nation and recency of the atrocities that gave birth to it. And, beyond that: An existential void, that isn't peculiar to any culture or history, but is part of the collective experience of humanity. Poltergeist might not be the first subject matter audiences reach for when it comes to trenchant or poignant commentary. And yet, despite its superficial bravura, its colourful, ghost-train ride aesthetics, there's so much occurring under the razzle-dazzle that we simply weren't equipped to consciously articulate or consider as children: The establishment of Questa Verde as neo-liberal, middle-class idyll is immediate, forceful and deliberate, designed to contrast wildly with the scenes of -seemingly invasive- horror that occur within it. Cleverly, the film does away with the notion that the haunting forces or entities are the invaders, slowly revealing that, rather, they were here long, long before the first shovel-full of earth was turned to lay the synthetic suburbia's foundations. The Freelings, for all the affection the film has for them, are invaders and desecrators in this scenario (albeit unwittingly), as well as victims of the same historical forces. More widely, the film comments upon the lack of sanctity for anything, be it history, family, land or metaphysics, innate to capitalism, which is only too happy to chew up entire landscapes, reduce sites of sanctity to suburban ruin, in the name of quick and easy money. The gothic sensibilities of the "return of the repressed" are made overt here; the apparent "haunting" is a direct symptom of the mutilations property developers have done to the land and the desecrated dead that reside in it. This is made visually overt in the film's closing scenes, when the same interred literally erupt through the grounds of the house, coffins spilling open to display their rot. That the corpses of prior strata of self-proclaimed civilisation burst up through the interiors and grounds of the house is poignantly symbolic; the sham of stability and comfort inherent to delusions of "middle class" status and upward mobility is manifested in the privately-owned property; the domestic castle in which the nuclear family unit is -purportedly- absolute and immovable. This is emphasised by the supernatural phenomena manifesting via the TV; a piece of technology that, in the 1980s, was the very symbol of bourgeois status and also the medium by which capitalist ideology -in all its forms- reinforced itself. The fact that the communications that filter through the dead-air spaces of broadcast impress upon the youngest child first and foremost can be read as a fairly unsubtle stab at the newly unrestricted standards regarding advertising during children's shows and media, that was a point of incredible controversy at the time. The fact that the children -and, in particular, Carol Anne- are the foci for the supernatural set-pieces and often sit at the very heart of the film's horror also rings powerfully in the present day, given that younger generations are slowly waking up to a world that our traditions have poisoned or abandoned to rack and ruin. There is a profound quality in the film of "man handing on misery to man." Whilst the Freelings themselves are happy and loving parents, they are also victims and products of their culture: The film takes pains to paint them as the children of hippies, who've lapsed from their parent's anti-materialist, communal ideals and been swept up in the rampant capitalism of the neo-liberal project (Steven is, at one point, depicted reading a biography of Reagan, even while Dianne rolls a joint in bed). These moments, these resonances, were beyond me -save in the most inchoate, impressionistic fashion- when I was a child, up to the burgeoning of my critical faculties, when I began to read films as texts and appreciate their import beyond the purely aesthetic. Watching it now, some thirty years later, I'm struck speechless by the variety of levels on which it operates, from the aforementioned ghost-train ride aesthetic to the Hitchcock's Half Hour, beyond-the-picket-fences social and political commentary. As is the nature of media, it has grown and evolved as I have, morphing into different and more elaborate states in sympathy with the mind that experiences it. Whilst that old sentiment will always be there -and always happily indulged-, it's a joy to find that complemented and contrasted now by a whole suite of new layers and potentials, all of which serve to make it, arguably, one of my most abiding favourites from the hazy, barely-recalled dream-lands of early childhood. check out today's book review belowHOME the heart and soul of horror promotion websites
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CONTENT WARNING: The following article explores experiences of depression, social alienation, suicidal ideation and other mental health issues. Barker's fiction was the very first I'd encountered that spoke to me on that level; that engaged me as a queer youth and sought to show me the metaphysics inherent. Whilst he was far from the first queer creator whose work I obsessed over, his was certainly the first to be so flagrant in its queerness; to exercise expressions the like of which I didn't even know were possible in horror and fantasy up to that point. Insomnia is being at war with your own mind. It escalates and escalates like a mutually abusive relationship, but one occurring within your own skin, that you have no means of escaping. Like my Mother before me (and her Mother before her), from the moment I hit double digits, sleep became a rare and fleeting commodity. Nighttime hours became matters of sincere dread, the certainty of what was to come when my head hit the pillow enough to excite anxiety (which, of course, only made sleeplessness that much more certain). If you want to know just how sadistically malleable time can be, talk to an insomniac: Hours stretch into illimitable gulfs, twilight wastelands through which we crawl like thirsting wretches across parched desert. what few oases exist in that desolation are invariably haunted places, the ghosts and demons that infest them congealed from a toxic union of subconscious dreads and the biochemical imbalances of puberty. I still recall the Freudian horrors I encountered in those ruins, creatures that have since found their ways into much of my published work. Manifesting uncertain, nascent sexuality -perversely married to day-to-day dreads and anxieties of waking life-, I would often wake from what moments of relief those oases provided in a fevered sweat, disturbed all the more by the betrayals of a body I didn't understand (and still find myself at conflict with on regular occasion). That sensation of being twisted in one's own skin, of it being a rapine or smothering alien that one cannot writhe or break free from...I remember that well; the utter wretchedness of the condition, the staring out through bedroom curtains into a dark, still and static world, envying and judging it for its quiescence in the same instant. To my sleep-starved eyes, it seemed an alien place; a paused, shuddering, faintly distorted image on fraying VHS tape. Nothing is real, after enough crawling through the wasteland. Waking life becomes a species of grey dream, disassociated and uncertain. People become ghosts, faces smear, and you begin to recede more and more, deeper and deeper, until whatever distinction exists between reality and fevered dreaming dissolves. I recall watching teachers at the front of class from whatever recess my twisted, pupating carcass had found, hearing their voices as though through fog or depths of dirty bath water. My engagement with those lessons, their subjects, was perfunctory at best; just enough to not be condemned as a lunatic, exiled as a disruption. In truth, I didn't care if I was; their world -that I'd become increasingly, painfully aware of as childhood slipped away- wasn't one I had much hope for or desire to be part of. In truth, it still isn't. Dreams, waking fantasies; my own, those of others, became not only sanctuaries from the corrosive onslaught of grey waking, but essential windows into other realms, echoing Lucy's discovery of Narnia via the wardrobe. I lost myself there, and found myself: It was amongst those states, those stories, that I came to consider and understand the human condition; the abstract lives materialist, post-modern living rarely obliges or provides the means for us to perceive, much less explore. It became apparent very early on that I was caught not between two worlds, but fractured amongst many: Whilst I would force myself to reluctantly engage in the droll duties and disappointments of waking life as much as basic operation required, I was more often -and more sincerely- abroad elsewhere, in realms that many might consider disturbing or horrific; nightmares that, to me, were as welcome and enchanting as the most elysian of dreams. And, dream or nightmare, I have always been happier, more sincerely myself, amongst them. Obsession with art and fiction in all their forms had long since been an irrevocable part of my being; ever since childhood, I could no more separate myself from the imagined than I could my own assumptions of identity, my sense of self. In my early teenage years, that obsession -and the immersions that followed- quite literally saved my life. Were I forced to engage exclusively with grey waking, then the suicidal ideation that had already begun to foment would have come to fruition, certainly in the attempt if not the success. There is no doubt in my mind that, without the fiction, films, comic books, video games etc that provided me with not merely escape, but the scope for other conditions, the framework for other experiences and states of being, I would not have survived my high-school years. Of course, back then, I lacked the language or contexts for defining my own despair; for considering the diseased condition of my own mind. Whatever worms infested it were eloquent and effortlessly loqacious beasts: It seemed so reasonable, given the condition of the world, that we should all operate in states of despair, that no sane person would wish to endure waking life much beyond childhood. Part of that condition is with me still, even now; I don't wholly condemn or deny that lost, despairing boy his assumptions of wisdom, nor am I wholly opposed to the assertions of his disease (diseases too can be wise). I would assert still that the world is unworthy of us, that what tradition and previous generations have established and allowed for is wholly unsatisfactory. But I'm not quite so consumed by those certainties as I used to be, nor so willing to surrender in the face of them. I assumed, as a child, that it was fantastical fiction in itself that drew my eye; that engaged me more deeply than any other subject. Whilst this was -and remains- essentially true, what I lacked the language to articulate were the qualities inherent -but not exclusive- to that fiction which aroused me: Having been raised on the likes of The Chronicles of Narnia, The Lord of The Rings etc, I naively assumed it was portraits of purer, more certain and defined realities that I ached for. It took exposure to darker, more ambiguous material and consideration of my own attraction to it to understand: What engaged me was not certainty or some adolescent promise of "purity" (such was actually antithetical to all I sincerely felt and increasingly knew of myself). Rather, I was drawn by the potential of imaginary conditions; the fluidity and malleability of reality itself. In dreams, in nightmares, reality became an unfixed feast; apt to change in the blink of an eye, the utterance of a word. This was as true of the fiction I'd begun to consume as it was my own fantasies and imaginings (increasingly, my appetites strayed away from the absolutism and archetypes of Tolkien and the wish-fulfilment metaphysics of Lewis to the more ambiguous, confrontational fiction provided by Barker, Carter and Le Guin). It was also around this time that my fascination for horror began to crystallise as a sincere part of my identity: Whilst as a child, my engagement with horror films and literature had been an airy distraction, of no more or less consequence than the myriad games and diversions I filled my childhood days with, now, it became an obsession: I regarded the sagging bookshelves and library of VHS tapes my Mother had accrued over the years with new eyes, not merely as sources of distraction or diversion, but as lifelines. I hurled myself happily into a world of horrors both old and new, seeking out that which disturbed or distressed, that moved or repelled with a treasure hunter's zeal. I ached to be lost; to be elsewhere, even if that elsewhere was a source of nightmares. I became fascinated by my own reaction to those subjects; why they aroused such fascination, why they proved so cathartic in contrast to ostensibly more comforting fare. The appetite came to mirror that of the vampire or the werewolf; insatiable and undeniable. Largely sleepless anyway, I'd spend long nights in early-pubescent discomfort, losing myself in horrors that aired on late-night terrestrial television (as well as the -always heteronormative- softly-erotic stories I'd soon come to associate them with). It was during this period that I arbitrarily discovered the writing of Clive Barker. Whilst I won't dwell on it here overlong (stay tuned for many, more in-depth articles on the subject), needless to say, the man's work dropped into the turbulent pools of my imagination with the traumatic force of a falling star. Though I didn't know it at the time, that discovery chimed with the inchoate burgeoning of my nascent queerness: It was likely clear to most of the adults around me -and more than a handful of my fellow youth- that I was a queer kid. Looking back, I don't understand how anyone could've taken me for anything other. However, back in the mid-1990s, homosexuality and queerness in general were still largely verboten in UK culture, save as schoolyard insults, sitcom jokes and scapegoats for right-wing media to demonise. Those of us who grew up during that time often lacked the contexts and language enjoyed by our straight siblings to understand or articulate who we were becoming, what we felt. Many experienced protracted periods of confusion, denial and even self-loathing. For my part, though I didn't consciously articulate the state to myself until later, the distinction between my peers and I was overt and, indeed, welcome. I have never had the desire to be amongst the flocks of the sun-children; to be accepted or popular. The inclination is somewhat alien to me. Therefore, anything that deepened my removal from the madding crowd was fine and dandy, no matter how confusing I might've found it at the time. The art and fiction I consumed during that period leant me both the contexts to understand and the language to articulate what I felt, the changes and traumas rewriting me from the inside. Barker's fiction was the very first I'd encountered that spoke to me on that level; that engaged me as a queer youth and sought to show me the metaphysics inherent. Whilst he was far from the first queer creator whose work I obsessed over, his was certainly the first to be so flagrant in its queerness; to exercise expressions the like of which I didn't even know were possible in horror and fantasy up to that point. As such, the awakenings and transformations that had been dissolute became crystallised, not to the point that I could make any positive or certain statements as to my identity -that always seemed the reserve of the straight world to me-, but in a manner whereby the flux of it all became apparent, and the anxious need for certainty and anchorage itself began to dissolve (and with it, those old childhood yearnings for states of Tolkien-esque “purity”). This was also the era of my first dalliances with self-destruction. As established earlier, suicidal ideation is an abiding and extremely persuasive part of my psychological makeup. It's rare a day goes by in which it does not make itself known in some way, shape or form. It's a Siren song; a seduction to other states of being where all the despairs and disappointments of this life are over and done with. At times during my teenage years -and through to my early twenties-, oblivion seemed a preferable alternative to living in a skull that felt infested with biting, venomous broods, a skin twisted on its own skeleton and a world so clearly careening towards self-destruction. It became clear to me very early that people are unhappy, almost universally; dissatisfied with their lots and their positions, at odds with something ineffable in their lives. By the same token, I became puzzled (and often infuriated) by the masks they wore, the pantomime of denials they called "life." Why did they not see? Why did they always smile and turn away or frown and condemn me whenever the subject came up in conversation? Even as young as 8 or 9, the performative nature of it was so clear to me, in almost everyone I met. But I lacked the language or contexts to articulate it. Only fiction provided that; arenas and mediums in which some degree of interiority is essential, where characters are given to considerations of who they are and what and why and how. Those considerations matched my own in ways that the blithe performances of people off the page or screen did not. As such, I came to identify with the fictional more intimately than I ever did the actual (a tension that still haunts me to this day). Fortunately, the rare occasions in which I've surrendered to that existential Siren song, tumbled headlong -and gratefully- into the undeniable abyss, were not successful. And that was more due to ineptitude than any ambiguity on my part; I just never managed to get it right. There's a particular species of gallows comedy in that depth of despair; when you arise woozy and uncertain from a night of vomiting up wine and sedatives in the understanding that, not only are you very much still alive (the migraine-pounding of your temples attests to that), but that you couldn't even get dying right; a feat so many achieve without even trying at all. It was in those moments that I began to almost believe that perhaps there is some authorial principle in creation; some shit-heel, celestial gutter-poet or comedy-writer who has cruel irony in mind for all of us. Not that the suspicion ever crystallised into full-blown belief (mercifully). It's a strange thing; in those depths, having reached what I considered then to be the bed of the abyss, I found myself. Fiction, as ever, became the lifeline; a reason to live and a means of expressing why death could be so very, very attractive. I won't pretend even now that the inclination has entirely left me; occasionally, I still hear the whispers, feel those spiders stirring in my mind. The major difference is context: I know what they are, and have means of drowning them into silence, if needs be. The world, as it stands, has never been enough, and is a very poor argument in itself for continued existence. Show any potential suicide a flower, a butterfly, a celestial phenomena, and they'll show you an extinction event, a natural disaster, a plague, a societal collapse, a church ceiling crushing the worshipers below. Existence itself is not an argument. Life is not an argument, and certainly not a persuasive one. I discovered that very early on. Most people, even most professionals in the arena, lack the language and the means to argue for continued existence. Most of us can't convincingly argue the toss of it with ourselves. So, there has to be something else. Something more. And what that is depends on who we are, what we value. It can be difficult for those suffering with suicidal ideation to perceive or articulate; all too often, circumstances and the disease itself have conspired to crush that love from us, and you'd be surprised how elegantly poetic and persuasive the abstract equivalents of cancers can be. For me, it was, is and likely always will be stories. Stories had informed the state of my mind and anchored me to the world for as long as I could recall. They were how I engaged with a species and systems I otherwise felt powerfully outcast from. The hunger for stories, the power they maintained to enchant, transport and express, remained the sincerest species of magic, even in those darkest depths, and the places where I found not escape from nightmares, but reconciliation through them. The consumption of stories in all their forms and mediums allowed me to work through what I was experiencing. They connected me to creators and characters whose states and circumstances were analogous to my own. Furthermore, the fiction I consumed -rabidly, desperately- provided portraits of other ways, better conditions to which I might aspire, even though the chattering, sentient disease in my mind might make it seem impossible. Through my teens and the early years of university, my tastes flourished with the eating, every day providing some new form or flavour I'd never been exposed to. My abiding love of poetry, whilst already kindled, truly waxed during this period: Discovering Blake and the Romantics proved a necromantic revelation: Learning about their transgressive metaphysics, the peculiarly mythological manner in which they viewed the world, felt like a communion with dead souls with whom I shared so much, who expressed my own peculiar perspectives in ways I lacked the language to do so. It was also during this period that I became exposed to creators such as Patrick Suskind, Poppy Z. Brite (AKA Billy Martin), Chuck Palahniuk, Guillermo del Toro, Douglas Coupland and myriad others. I became filled with them, a vessel for art and stories; for film, video games, comic books, prose and poetry. So, so much of budgets that were supposed to go towards prescribed study materials and basic living were spent on materials that, to my younger, suicidal self, were just as essential; artefacts that, in a very real sense, saved his life. Thank you for indulging me this far, especially given the places these introductory articles have taken us. In the third and final instalment, that deep dive will continue,into more recent years, recent traumas and revelations. Thank you once again for staying the course, and I hope that, if nothing else, these strange little confessionals provide some context or clarity for others experiencing similar. George Daniel Lea 12/01/2023 GEORGE DANIEL LEA ![]() George Lea is an unfixed oddity that has a tendency to float around the UK Midlands (his precise location and plain of operation is somewhat difficult to determine beyond that, though certain institutions are working on various ways of defining his movements). An isolated soul by nature, he tends to spend more time with books than with people, consumes stories in the manner a starving man might the scattered debris of an incongruously exploded pie factory, whilst also attempting to churn out his own species of mythological absurdity (it's cheaper than a therapist, less trouble than an exorcist and seems to have the effect of anchoring him in fixed form and state, at least for the moment). Proclaims to spend most of his time "...feeling like some extra-dimensional alien on safari," which he very well might be (apprehension and autopsy will likely yield conclusive details). Following the publication of his first short story collection, Strange Playgrounds, is currently working in collusion with the entity known as "Nick Hardy" on the project Born in Blood. check out our latest round up of the best in ya and MG HORROR BOOKS BELOWTHE HEART AND SOUL OF HORROR FEATURES MY LIFE IN HORROR: HELLRAISER
24/1/2023
For those of us that have always been outcast from the prescriptions of tradition and society at large, always denied the ready-made roles and narratives that apply to our straight, cisgender siblings, it's little wonder that the Cenobites -amongst others- exercise a peculiar species of fascination, that transcends any sense of the forbidden born from their monstrosity, and makes them enticing on an existential level. For many of us who operate in the haunted depths and heights of horror, Clive Barker's iconic Hellraiser franchise is an ambient phenomena: we were children, even infants in the 1980s, when so many revolutions and ructions occurred within the genre, transforming its accepted face and blowing apart traditional parameters. For my part, I can't recall a time when Hellraiser did not exist; it's as much a part of my internal landscape as The Transformers or The Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, as naturally part of the world as storms or Summers. Like so many of us, my first exposure came in the form of the UK VHS copy, alongside its sequel, the mythologically ambitious, grotesque carnival that is Hellbound. Though I don't recall the first time I glimpsed and took note of it, the iconic image of “Pinhead” (refered to in the film's credits as “The Lead Cenobite,” later christened “The Hell Priest” in various comics and sequel stories)on the front cover exercised a peculiar and ambiguous fascination over my developing imagination: Here was an image that, whilst disturbing, was also strangely alluring, its symmetry and artistic patterns contrasting wildly with the medium of their recording. Even back then, before I'd read a single word of Clive Barker's prose, before I even knew who the man was or who I was and would become, something about the image attracted and appalled in equal measure. For a child already well immersed in the horror cinema of the era -thanks largely to my Mother's extensive VHS library-, the ambiguity of emotion, the complexity of response, was in itself fascinating; abstractly akin to picking a still-bleeding scab, knowing that the skin isn't yet knitted,that there will be pain and blood as a consequence, but unable to leave it alone. Unlike many, many horror films I was already familiar with -The Evil Dead, Alien, A Nightmare of Elm Street, Halloween and myriad others-, Hellraiser boasted a certain patina; a quality of the forbidden that made it, fittingly enough, a profound temptation; an echo of the Lament Configuration puzzle box so essential to its mythology. My brother and I were never prohibited in our viewing material; our parents took care to vet said subjects and explain their fictional, contrived nature. This sometimes took the form of explaining how certain effects were achieved or pointing out the costume and animation work in particular scenes, or emphasising that the story onscreen was exactly that; no more real or possible than the Saturday morning cartoons we enjoyed. As such, horror became part of our shared childhood; we were as likely to favour a viewing of Predator, The Thing or Aliens as we were The Transformers, Dungeons and Dragons or The Little Mermaid. I don't clearly recall the first time I saw Hellraiser; I couldn't tell you how old I was, other than I was likely far too young (a consistent pattern when it comes to formative media in my life), and that it affected me in ways that it did not my brother; evoking emotions that other films it was so often ranked alongside didn't even come close to. My most abiding, visceral impression is of dirt, not of fear; a sense of spiritual filth that lingers on the film grain and in the images they record. This is not a condemnation in any way; that feeling of being tainted for having watched it, as though the transgression of consuming the material is an occult rite that might well summon unspoken things from across the veil as surely as solving the iconic puzzle box, I recall staying with me for many, many years after that initial viewing. Whilst the images in the film certainly had their power -Frank's rebirth and the variously grotesque stages of his swelling back to something like humanity, the hooks and chains stretching skin to extremity, the Cenobites themselves and their glorious upsetting of reality wherever they occur-, that less defined quality of having being spiritually infected by the film is what fascinated me then and continues to do so. I recall Hellraiser having a power to unsettle me in ways that no amount of Freddy Kreuger's increasingly comic escapades or Michael Meyer's violence ever did. Unlike films such as Alien, which I would return to again and again, consume with near-fetishistic appetite, Hellraiser I returned to gradually and with great trepidation, forgetting certain details in the interim but always recalling that sense of the forbidden, the feeling of transgression that would later recur in my pubescent years with the blossoming of my sexuality and queer identity. Hellraiser, whatever else might be said about the film, exercises power by cultivating a certain poetry between its themes and subject matter: the reactions it elicits in its audience echo those of characters in the film to the same atrocities and situations in which they occur. In the film's opening sequence, Frank Cotton, in his role as a strangely post-modern Faust, blithely solves the Lament Configuration, lacking the scope of imagination to understand what it will summon, and what his blunted, myopic lusts will give birth to. What he summons, what he unleashes and ultimately becomes, are profoundly tainted miracles; supernatural, otherworldly, utterly at odds with much of the concertedly-realist horror of the era. Frank represents an utterly polluted species of metaphysics; eternal life, resurrection, life beyond death, but shot through with a vein of cynical wit: This isn't glory, though the swelling, orchestral soundtrack during his hideously organic rebirth enjoins us to regard it as such; this is a curious mingling of miracle and atrocity, where any distinction between the two dies. This quality is, of course, rendered explicit by The Hell-Priest himself, who declares his cabal as: “...demons to some, angels to others.” To focus on the overt, visual gore, images of physical pain and bodily mutilation is to somewhat miss the point; as interesting, as repulsive, as powerful as they are, they are also part and parcel of a deeper metaphysics and commentary thereon. Throughout the film, familiar Christianic parables and works of fiction are echoed, down to certain symbols and metaphors derived from Biblical myth itself. However, Barker inverts and subtly lampoons those miracles by making them part of an entirely other metaphysics; one that, whilst it sometimes uses the language of Christianity in a wry and sardonic fashion, cleaves to no parameter or assumption of those traditions. In that, Barker creates a status quo in which miracles can be simultaneously welcome and unwelcome; attractive and repellant, sexual and repulsive. That ambiguity of response is something Barker has worked to elicit since his earliest writings. His fascination is not with the purity of horror, repulsion or the other emotions horror fiction is generally assumed to arouse, but with demonstrating to the audience that they enjoy subject matter and imagery that simultaneously repels and disturbs them; that there is worth in that response. It is a conspiratorial act of transgression on behalf of both creator and audience, that is explicitly designed to swell context and undermine assumption, to allow horror to be more than markets, studios and systems of distribution prescribe. Even as a child, though I lacked the language or internal circuitry of mind to articulate it to myself, I sensed this on a subconscious, visceral level. That ethos of disturbia; of being tainted by this work, yet reluctantly returning to it again and again, I found undeniably fascinating. As a child given to flights of profound fantasy, dense and protracted internal monologues, explorations of self and my own responses to the outer world, I couldn't help but ache to solve the puzzle of that emotional reaction in the same manner that protagonist Kirsty ultimately solves the Lament Configuration. It felt like there was revelation waiting on the other side, as though if I could only find the language to articulate what was happening, why the film aroused such response, I might blossom into some new state of self-understanding, a surreal Nirvana that isn't entirely from the condition the Cenobites occupy and promise their devotees. Whilst I maintained a fascination with various horror-film ghosts, demons, monsters and their ilk throughout my childhood, none of them -save, perhaps, Giger's eponymous Alien- ever exercised the same degree or complexity of obsession as The Cenobites. Aesthetically alone, they were and remain far removed from anything else in the bestiaries of popular horror at the time, and incorporated influences whose seeming incongruity -from the papal to the BDSM- Barker married into a troublingly cohesive whole. Most horror film monsters of the era, whilst beautifully designed, were often aesthetic exercises only; intended to intrigue and horrify via their inevitable revelation. The Cenobites are somewhat different, both in design and presentation. First off, the film makes no bones about revealing them for what they are; albeit shadowed, they occur in the film's opening scene, presented amidst a kaleidoscope of violent, strange and graphic imagery, which leaves the audience powerfully unsettled and questioning what manner of profane circus they've been invited to participate in. Later, when Kirsty Cotton succeeds in unwittingly summoning them, they occur wreathed in clinical, otherworldly luminescence, bleakly radiant in their grotesque majesty. The film plays little games with its monsters du jour, actively inviting the audience to regard them and be fascinated, aroused, disturbed, attracted and repulsed all in the same instant. As a boy barely aware of his own nascent queerness, this experience was formative: to not only encounter creatures whose aesthetics appealed in their own inchoate and ineffabe fashion, but that echoed the queerness I wouldn't actively recognise for many years yet...that was a powerful and unexpected element of my abiding attraction to these films and continued identification with Barker's work as a whole. Most mainstream, cinematic works of horror of the era -barring one or two notable exceptions- were assiduously heternormative both in theme and subject; they operated in worlds where cisgender, heterosexual identities were assumed and any deviation was treated either as joke or deviance. Gay characters, if they occurred at all, were either jokes, victims or monsters; there was no in between. And trans-panic killers had been part and parcel of horror cinema arguably since Hitchcock's Psycho in the 1960s. An ugly and pervasive reactionary element of much mainstream horror lay in emphasising and exaggerating the threat posed by “the other;” acting as post-modern reimaginings of traditional folk and fairy tales, they served to reinforce rigid and prescribed forms of morality derived from extremely conservative ideologies. Barker, having occupied the depths where the monsters dwell most of his life -having been consigned to those very realms by both his status as a gay man and his underclass position-, came along with Hellraiser and decided to rip those structures and assumptions apart (in a manner reminiscent of how Frank is variously torn to shreds in the film itself). Here, we have a horror story whose queerness is overt, despite the lack of distinct LGBTQ characters or relationship dynamics. Here are iconic horror-film monsters that derive aesthetic inspiration from, amongst other sources, the gay BDSM clubs Barker was familiar with and the underground periodicals he was known to illustrate for (some of which were seized and destroyed as a result of the UK's bout of Puritan panic during the 1980s). The Cenobites are intended to exercise a certain allure over the audience, not merely a fascination with the extent and elaboration of their mutilations (though that is undoubtedly part of their appeal), but in terms of what they thematically represent: Bound up in their variously rent, lacerated, pierced and infibulated forms is an artistic obsession with transgression and transformation; sensuality and experience are the cores of their credo, and their anatomies are merely the mediums by which that is expressed. They are walking works of self-authored art and religious icons; creatures that have reached a pique of sensual excess, thereby achieving a twisted Nirvana, an absolutism and poetry that is enviable, especially to those of us born into the abyss of corrupt and decaying ideology that characterises the last couple of centuries. Far from merely being “monsters,” the Cenobites, like so many of Clive Barker's creations, reflect the awful allure of that condition; mythic abstractions of the human beings they once were, rendered absolute by the extreme nature of their remaking and the fundamental inspirations the dark god Leviathan has teased out of their subconsciousness, expressing through their reworked anatomies. For those of us that have always been outcast from the prescriptions of tradition and society at large, always denied the ready-made roles and narratives that apply to our straight, cisgender siblings, it's little wonder that the Cenobites -amongst others- exercise a peculiar species of fascination, that transcends any sense of the forbidden born from their monstrosity, and makes them enticing on an existential level. In that, the mythology of Hellraiser is echoed in the relationship it draws with its audience; seekers and sybarites within the universe of the fiction come to the Lament Configuration for various reasons: out of curiosity, desire; a need to know or understand. They are then remade by the Cenobites according to those factors, becoming avatars and angels of peculiarly human principles. By the same token, the target audience of Hellraiser finds fascination and -albeit ineffable, reluctant- attraction with its monstrous subjects because they reflect not only their own conditions -being so often cast in the roles of monsters and deviants by the conservative forces that shape and underpin traditional society-, but also the potential within those conditions. There is beauty in abomination and poetry in monstrosity, according to the Cenobites; a message that can't help but chime with those of us variously condemned as both for our inalienable natures. Contextually, Hellraiser occurred within a particularly puritan era of the UK (one that, in many ways, echoes the scapegoating circumstances in which we currently find ourselves, especially with regards to our trans siblings). The legacy of Mary Whitehouse and her crusade to impose myopically and fundamentally Christian standards of taste and ethics upon British media was in full swing, the British tabloid press wallowed in painting LGBTQ culture as a disease-ridden pit of license in the wake of the HIV/AIDs crisis, and everywhere, small but incredibly persuasive, influentual pockets of conservatism rose up in response to what they perceived as “declining moral standards” in the sociey they assumed to be automatically and exclusively their's. Hellraiser, and Barker's entire body of work, is a response to and refutation of those very forces: here, Barker dares to present entities and a metaphysics purer than any fundamentalist's presumptions of their own traditions, but that operates with regards to inverse, markedly queer assumptions of purity itself: The purity of the Cenobites derives not from denial or innocence, but their exact opposites: sensation, sensuality and experience so extreme, so all-consuming, they physically and spiritually transform their subjects, rendering them as far more than human. That the puritan nature of the Cenobites also incorporates imagery derived from queer circles is Barker's lampoon of the prescriptive myopia of the puritanism and purported “ethics” of those seeking to impose their standards on all of British media and culture: Your purity is not our purity, Barker dares to proclaim, in every gasp and moan, every splash of blood or semen, every laceration and stretched-taut scrap of flesh. In fact, your purity is tawdry and hollow compared to ours. Our angels are more angelic, our demons more demonic, our pleasures and pains more intense and transcendent. It is a challenge and a manifesto, rendered in latex and fake gore, in mutilations that themselves are often almost biblical in terms of their symbolism, but lampooned with the species of bleak wit that suffuses Barker's work. Child though I might have been, I maintain that a part of me perceived and understood this complexity on a subconscious level, in a way that I lacked the language and conscious mental architecture to express even to myself. Bound up in that fascination was my nascent queerness; the unspoken understanding that here was something made for me, that spoke to me within traditions and a visual language that I understood as a horror fan, but also as a gay-child-waiting-to-be-a-gay-man. That understanding, that frisson, only expanded and complexified with greater exposure over the years. Whilst also a source of profound disturbance, making the first two Hellraiser films items of forbidden allure in my Mother's VHS library, that connection with the material became increasingly undeniable as I grew and blossomed into the early years of my sexual identity. With that came a more visceral understanding of the sensual desires that inform Leviathan's creed, and that form a central part of Hellraiser's poetry: Desire is the key, a source of both damnation and salvation (which, Barker asserts, in certain realms of extremity, dissolve in terms of their distinction). It became clear to me that here was horror made by and for queer men, that speaks to us on a level denied to our straight counterparts, despite the central narrative revolving around a doggedly herteronormative family structure and series of relationships (in many respects, the original film is also Barker's less-than-celebratory satire of prescribed family structures and traditional relationship dynamics, particularly with regards to how they utterly fail to accommodate or acknowledge the needs of women, particulary in the carnal sense). It's fascinating that the Cenobites, being so emblematic of queerness, operate in a state of being far and beyond the mundane, to the point that they are otherworldly, their presence alone enough to upset static reality, making walls bleed and lights blaze, doors open into labyrinthine nowheres and shadows give birth to abominations (Kirsty Cotton's encounter with The Engineer in the original film is a startlingly surreal sequence). It's certainly no accident that, at the film's climax, with the unravelling of the Cotton family both figuratively and literally (the name alone an elaborate pun), the new family home collapses around them in a manner redolent of more conservative, gothic traditions (echoes of Poe's The Fall of the House of Usher are conscious and considerable). Again, whilst I lacked the means of consciously articulating it to myself at the time, like many queer kids, I so often found myself an alien at the dinner table, something cast outside the fish bowl looking in. To this day, whilst my own family are decent and loving people, my tolerance for family atmospheres is extremely finite, and my desire to be parts of them almost non-existent. Like many LGBTQ individuals, I've gradually accrued and constructed my own extended family in the same manner that we are often obliged to accrue and construct our own identities (in lieu of the meta-narratives of Fathers and Mothers, even husbands and wives that have always applied to our straight siblings). In metaphorical terms, The Cenobites are this near-universal factor of queerness in the 20th/21st centuries made manifest, exaggerated to ultimate extremes and rendered in the guise of horror-film monsters: By their very natures, they are apart from the mundane world yet reliant on it, excluded from traditional structures yet fascinated by them. Their proclivities for reshaping and surgically sculpting every element of their beings -from skin to soul- is metaphorically resonant with the experience of growing up queer throughout the latter decades of the 20th century: Like them, many of us were obliged to shape not only our places in the world, but also our own identities. Existential uncertainty and despair are hardly uncommon amongst our tribes, and that is largely derived from the sincere lack of societal space afforded to us. What Barker dares to state through the Cenobites -and his body of work to follow- is that the situation doesn't necessarily have to be one exclusively of despair; there is an artistry, a metaphysics inherent, that in itself is worthy of celebration. We are, Barker asserts, deviant works of self-authored art, and worthy of love, celebration, pleasure and beauty. That we might confuse or even horrify and repel the grey sterility of the traditionally prescribed world of our births in their pursuit is not a basis for condemnation, as they would most certainly have it, but celebration in and of itself. That world, according to Barker, isn't worth trying to protect or preserve. It is a rotting carcass, as hollow as incestuous Uncle Frank and passionless Daddy Larry, both of whom are presented as contemptuous in their own peculiar ways. One of the most shocking and subversive subtexts of Hellraiser is that it refuses to deify family as something sacred or worthy of protection. If anything, “family” becomes the source and subject of damnation here; the play of family life Larry Cotton seeks to impose on both his step-wife, Julia, and daughter, Kirsty, is treated as disposable at best; flimsy and without substance, irrevocably tainted at worse, and, unlike in many of its contemporaries, no defence whatsoever against the outside forces that corrode it. Once again, Barker engages his queer audience on an unspoken but intimately engaged level; being traditionally denied the comforts of “family,” the roles and narratives that ideations of “family” traditionally provide, queer audiences understand the film's often contemptuous tone towards the phenomena, and celebrate its rare exposure as a source of horror in and of itself. Looking back, many, many years later, with so much more experience of Hellraiser, the works of Clive Barker and the experiences and subjects they explore, what is the film to me now? Certainly an artefact of some sentiment; a perversely comforting creation that I return to again and again, finding solace in its extreme imagery, its familiar and unsettling sequences. But also perhaps the first piece of media that dared speak to me sincerely as a queer entity; that addressed the part of me society and culture would denounce as perversity or aberration and have me deny. In that, it is a “Saul on the road to Damascus” moment of profundity, one of those media experiences that alters the topgraphy of our minds and imaginations, that explodes wide the parameters of assumption and reveals new arenas of operation. There is transcendence to be found here amongst the bleakness, grue and nihilism; significances that, perhaps, are peculiar to queer audiences, for whom the work is less another entry in the annals of classic 1980s horror, and more a gospel in the mythologies of our gradual acknowledgement in the gardens where we have never been trespassers, no matter how ardently we are denied. The Heart and Soul of Horror WebsitesBut, in the perpetual darkness of my own private world, monsters flourished. The realms of noise and sunlight most kids my age enjoyed and celebrated in was, for me, one of sincere anxiety, even dread. Amongst the monsters, I was akin. Amongst the children of Summer, I was and have always been alien. I suppose it would make sense to start at the beginning. Already, we hit a problem: what are beginnings, when we get right down to it? By what criteria to we draw the arbitrary line? And how can we apply the notion to something as contradictory and ephemeral as imagination? Do we dream in the womb, before the corruptions and transformative influences of waking life? A romantic part of me would like to think so, even as its rationalist counterpart rises up in contempt of the idea. Because that is the crux of it, my loves: the journey that starts here. A safari, of sorts; an archaeological expedition in other ways. An occult ceremony; a pathway to revelations and frustrated experiments. All of these colliding and interbleeding, becoming components in an engine that is also anatomy, also a work of living art. So, a beginning: In the beginning was a world of nightmares. A world without rules or consistency or fixture. Just because a door opened on a certain room one day didn't mean it necessarily would the next. Just because the shadows were inert and passive in the afternoon didn't mean they would be at night. It was a world of fevers and animated bedroom wallpaper; of faces in fire and storms, of spectres looming over the cot, staring down with mad-eyed fascination. It was also a world of cartoons, candy and sunshine. There's truly nothing like the contradictions and ambiguities of a child's reality. I remember a world that demonstrated no distinction between waking and dreaming; the divide not yet drawn, and therefore not even a concept. The state of molten sunlight, that would fall through rain upon grass and flowers as vivid as paintings, shifted into one of haunted shadow as evening drew in. Early sensory memory makes beauty and deliciousness out of those liminal times of the day, when Summer warmth began to give way to creeping chill, when dew on the grass became mist and stars began to blink where hot air balloons sailed only hours before. That was when the nightmares crept from their warrens. No specific or prescribed monsters these; no werewolves or vampires, no ghouls or Frankensteinian homonculi. Creatures of a more immediate, visceral nature; shapeless things, crafted from shadow and silhouettes, patched together from scraps of distorted feature seen with my waking eyes (that hint of familiarity making them all the more horrific). I recall one entity billowing in the air like a black plastic bag caught up in the breeze, a jellyfish in turbulent ocean. Boneless, filleted, it would dance in the air, hissing its strange promises and prophecies. Another lurked behind trees and bushes in my Dad's garden; a naked, gangrel thing of spider-like limbs and immense, black eyes that almost eclipsed its entire, swollen head. A beast resembling a hybrid between a human woman and an immense, deep green cat, lycanthropic in nature, transforming from smiling human guise to monster only in my company, my sight, cruelly in love with the masquerade. Monsters. Demons. Ghouls. As much part of my world as worms, house-spiders and woodlice. And, to my infant self, far more welcome. Where these things crept from, what fevered, infected, broken part of my subconscious gave birth to them, I can't say. All I know is: they did not frighten me. Not in the way that the waking world so often did, with its too-bright lights, its ugly, barking voices, its bangs and cries and sirens. The night came with cool, quiet and solace. My realm as much as their's, known viscerally, inarticulately, at so young an age; perhaps before I'd even started speaking in my head, telling stories to myself and spinning the web that would become mind. My realm; the realm of shadows, pregnant silences, flickering shapes at the edges of sight. A world so potent, I couldn't resist or deny it. A world I would never want to. From the youngest age, the nighttime hours have always been fractious, for my younger brother and I both. But, whereas my brother responded to that with distress and disturbance, I recall lying in bed for hours, in stillness and silence, making games from the shadows at play on the ceiling, in the corners of the room. I don't know how long those insomniac nights lasted, but it felt like forever. I can hardly recall what horrors were born there, what spectres crawled from the shadows, lingered behind curtains and in wardrobe doors. Only that they were many, varied and persistent, always there when the world grew dark and empty, a strange kind of company when dreams failed to come. In the earliest days, when I still had a notion of a prescribed bedtime, I recall Summer nights, stood at the large window of my bedroom, looking out at late-evening skies that have never been so brilliant since, at a sun that melted on the horizon, seeming to move and dance to my eyes, becoming the luminous hole through which a Lovecraftian worm-god entered our reality, writhing its way across the sky, eclipsing it with its knotted coils. I remember a shaggy, matted, werewolf-like beast bursting through my bedroom door, its growls and snuffles so tangible, they trembled my guts as it sought me out (but never discovered me beneath the covers). I remember, one night, growing curious at a hole in the wall, a ferocious, red glow emanating from within. Crawling out of bed, I found it to be an opening to a network of small tunnels through which the chatter of flames and infernal industry could be heard. I don't know what manner of goblin-people haunted those tunnels; I never saw them face to face. Only their shadows on the walls, their voices echoing as they approached from around the next corner. Horrors abounded in my childhood, long before I even knew what horror was, before any exposure to the books, comics or VHS tapes that would come to obsess me, echoing, as they did, my internal and part-dreaming life far more sincerely than any children's media of the era (though I won't deny, that obsessed me, too). It wasn't long before those visitations started to bleed into my waking reality. Unbeknownst to me at the time, the hereditary insomnia from which I'd already begun to suffer, even at that tender age, was starting to take its toll on my developing mind. Anxiety and non-specific bouts of depression were commonplace, as were questions of the systems and assumptions into which I was born (whilst I've never been diagnosed, I'm fairly certain I'd be identified as operating on the Autistic spectrum if I were a child today). Sensory hallucinations, whilst not common or overwhelming, did occur; momentary visual episodes in which the patterns in wallpaper or tree branches would form faces or the tangled masses of monsters, in which phantom music and voices sometimes echoed so clearly, I could swear their makers were in the same room. For the most part, I learned to mask and divert myself from this monster-haunted world, to the point that I simply stopped talking to people about it, especially adults, who always became visibly and obviously troubled by the subject. Of course, it found expression in other ways: drawings and paintings of monsters, ghosts and grizzly tableaux, stories for assigned English projects that echoed the horrors I'd already come to love (a story I wrote in Junior school involving a scientist who manages to capture The Loch Ness Monster, but falls out of love with the myth, seeing the reality of it, gained some accolades that likely set me on the path to the here and now). But, more often than not, whilst earning high praise for technical acumen, those stories excited concern from those that read them. More than once, I was forced to attend meetings and explain where certain images and entities in my work came from, or was quietly encouraged to move away from such subject matter (more on that later). But, in the perpetual darkness of my own private world, monsters flourished. The realms of noise and sunlight most kids my age enjoyed and celebrated in was, for me, one of sincere anxiety, even dread. Amongst the monsters, I was akin. Amongst the children of Summer, I was and have always been alien. And, whilst I was an anxious and -unbeknownst to me at the time- powerfully depressed child, the love of subjects waking reality would condemn as morbid or monstrous never left me, never diminished, despite that world's sincere efforts to shame me out of it. If anything, the passions coalesced and crystallised under pressure, finding new and more eloquent expression as I grew into my love of painting and sketching, of film and video games. And, of course, the stories that would become abiding to the point of obsession, in both the reading and creation of. As for the nightmares that came at the beginning, and sustained up to this point? They grew as I did, elaborated into fresh shapes and concerns the more I fed and fertilised them with those of others; with the daily traumas and revelations that are part and parcel of growing up. The dark and the night have never been still or uninhabited. But now, as the agonising transition from childhood to the nowhere-years of teenage liminality began, I became more part of them. Continued in Part 2: At War With Self and Sunlight Thank you for indulging me thus far; there will be more focused, precise explorations of these early years and experiences in essays to come. A warning for part two: Though they will remain general for now, it will include a variety of problematic subjects, including: developing sexuality, insomnia, anxiety, depression, social isolation and suicidal ideation, amongst others. In particular, please be aware of content that refers to active suicide attempts. The essay itself will reiterate these content warnings. george daniel lea![]() George Lea is an unfixed oddity that has a tendency to float around the UK Midlands (his precise location and plain of operation is somewhat difficult to determine beyond that, though certain institutions are working on various ways of defining his movements). An isolated soul by nature, he tends to spend more time with books than with people, consumes stories in the manner a starving man might the scattered debris of an incongruously exploded pie factory, whilst also attempting to churn out his own species of mythological absurdity (it's cheaper than a therapist, less trouble than an exorcist and seems to have the effect of anchoring him in fixed form and state, at least for the moment). Proclaims to spend most of his time "...feeling like some extra-dimensional alien on safari," which he very well might be (apprehension and autopsy will likely yield conclusive details). Following the publication of his first short story collection, Strange Playgrounds, is currently working in collusion with the entity known as "Nick Hardy" on the project Born in Blood. check out the today's other horror feature on |
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