REVISITING HALLORANN: THE DOUBLE KILLING OF DICK HALLORANN IN STANLEY KUBRICK’S THE SHINING
1/11/2022
If you are going to kill the man, fine, drive that ax through his heart. But Kubrick first stripped him of his wit and wisdom, made him care about this white family more than he cared about his own (whom we never seem to learn about), and had him sacrifice himself without hesitation. Revisiting Hallorann: The double killing of Dick Hallorann in Stanley Kubrick’s The Shining By Tamika Thompson The first time I watched Stanley Kubrick’s The Shining with its on-screen killing of Dick Hallorann, I felt deeply offended. So offended I shouted at the screen, “Give me a break,” as I sat cross-legged in my dark living room. The 1980 adaptation of Stephen King’s novel by the same name is regarded as a classic of American cinema as well as a masterful horror story. It follows the disintegration of the Torrance family—Jack (Jack Nicholson), Wendy (Shelley Duvall), and son Danny (Danny Lloyd)—at an isolated Colorado hotel. Jack, a recovering alcoholic and aspiring writer becomes the off-season caretaker of the Overlook Hotel and settles in with his wife and supernaturally gifted son for the winter. Jack learns of the hotel’s previous caretaker who slaughtered his wife and daughters before taking his own life, and Danny makes a connection with the hotel’s chef, Richard “Dick” Hallorann (Scatman Crothers), who shares the same psychic and telepathic gifts, and introduces the concept of “The Shine” before heading to Florida for the season. As the hotel’s evil spirits slowly mesmerize Jack, and Danny’s premonitions go from unsettling visions to violent paranormal attacks, Danny telepathically sends for Hallorann. Traversing snow-packed terrain in freezing temperatures, Hallorann is undeterred in his quest to help. Meanwhile, the family splinters into hunter and hunted. With Jack determined to kill Wendy and Danny, the pair desperately attempts to escape the snowed-in resort. As many horror lovers, I came to the film before I arrived at the text upon which it is based. Stanley Kubrick was a celebrated director, producer, and screenwriter, regarded as one of the greatest American filmmakers, and his version of The Shining has held a higher place in the cultural zeitgeist than its source material. It remains the most popular adaptation of the story, and justifiably so. It is visually stunning and disturbing, as are many of Kubrick’s films like 2001: A Space Odyssey, A Clockwork Orange, and Full Metal Jacket. In Kubrick’s hands, the evil forces possessing the very walls of the lodgings are well rendered and frightening. But as much as I enjoy the spooky girls at the end of the hall, blood gushing from elevator doors, and Wendy discovering that Jack has been writing “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy” repeatedly for the seemingly endless weeks she’s seen him tapping away on his typewriter, the on-screen killing of Hallorann in the hallway of The Overlook shortly after he is telepathically called back has always been an assault to my senses and not in a way that I enjoy when watching horror films. The “Magical Negro” In the early 2000s, acclaimed film director Spike Lee, well known for Do the Right Thing and Malcolm X among other celebrated films, popularized the term “magical negro,” thereby calling out Hollywood’s misuse of black characters. Lee explains that magical negroes often possess supernatural abilities and sentimental or obsequious personalities, and their sole purpose is to help the white characters. The magical negro is a plot device, not a full-fledged person, and can be found throughout American cinema and television. From Morpheus and The Oracle in The Matrix, Bagger Vance in The Legend of Bagger Vance, to more recently Anthony Mackie’s Steve in Synchronic, these characters are useful only inasmuch as they are compassionate, patient, and eager to inexplicably sacrifice their safety, well being, time, and resources to provide opportunities for the white characters—the “real” characters—to survive or become actualized. Many have argued that Stephen King has this blind spot as well, as several of his book’s black characters, including Hallorann, fall into this category--The Green Mile’s John Coffey, and The Stand’s Mother Abigail, come to mind. “The Black Guy Dies First” In addition to the magical negro, there is a trope specific to the horror genre sometimes referred to as “black guy dies first” in which a black character is introduced and killed off for the purpose of establishing the high stakes for the white characters. Think Glynn Turman’s Roy Hanson in Gremlins. Whether they are offed early or halfway through the film, the insult is not necessarily that they are killed. For a horror movie, kills are among the features audiences tune in for, and white supporting characters die as well. The problem is that black characters are flat and underdeveloped compared to the white characters, and, until recently, supporting roles were typically the only parts available to black actors. Kubrick’s Dick Hallorann embodies both of these tropes, and the ill feelings about how he is rendered are exacerbated by the fact that—Spoiler Alert!—Hallorann survives in the book and becomes a father-figure to Danny. Not only does Dick Hallorann survive, but he also appears in the sequel, Doctor Sleep, very much alive. Which brings me to my biggest complaint. Kubrick’s Hallorann is really killed twice In both the text and film, Hallorann is well aware of the evil forces at The Overlook. He is the person who firmly warns Danny to stay away from Room 237 (Room 217 in the book). So, when he arrives to help Danny, he knows the danger, not only because he has “The Shine,” but also because the man, a military veteran, who when he was young could hold entire conversations with his grandmother without ever opening his mouth, has common sense. Yet Hallorann’s appearance during this suspenseful scene is illogical. He clomps through the empty hallway unarmed, calling out, “Anybody here! Hello!” repeatedly. Notice his bow-legged gait, parted lips, open, limp palms, arms dangling at his sides, his broad back in that winter coat. Listen to his accent as he shouts. He is the fourth main character in the film, and yet he is apart. He is an “other.” And apparently foolish. By his own admission, he can see the hotel’s past and future. He knows about the hotel’s homicides. He is aware that Danny is distressed. Compare the death of Hallorann to that of Sheriff Buster in Rob Reiner’s Misery (1990), also adapted from a King novel. The premise is that bestselling author Paul Sheldon (James Caan) gets into a serious car accident and is rescued by his self-proclaimed biggest fan, Annie Wilkes (Kathy Bates), who holds him hostage inside her home and forces him to rewrite the final novel in his series to keep the main character Misery Chastain alive. To the outside world, Sheldon is missing. The supporting character of Sheriff Buster (Richard Farnsworth) is a small-town officer whose banter with his wife Virginia, Sheldon’s New York agent, and other characters in rural Sidewinder, Colorado, endears him to the audience. He is tasked with finding Sheldon, becomes suspicious of Wilkes, and arrives at her home to poke around. During the search of her home, he never lets down his guard. It is a tense nine-minute sequence as he peeks around corners, ventures upstairs to check a bedroom, and refuses the cocoa she prepares for him. She has a ready answer for each of his questions, and he doesn’t find Sheldon in the home. After leaving, and while descending her front steps, Buster hears a loud noise inside the house he’s just left. He turns and runs back inside, but the thing that makes it clear he’s no bumbling fool is that he shouts, “Ms. Wilkes? Ms. Wilkes? Are you all right?” Which is why when he rushes back in and doesn’t draw his gun, it makes total sense. He doesn’t think he’ll find Paul Sheldon. He thinks Ms. Wilkes is hurt. The audience knows the truth—that Sheldon has been drugged, hidden in the basement, and has just come to—but we can still fill in the thoughts in Buster’s mind: Perhaps she’s tumbled down the stairs? Perhaps she tripped and bumped her head? When he is caught off-guard inside and shot to death from behind, it is shocking, and the audience feels for him because he was a smart character outwitted by a calculating evil. That’s why I yelled, “Give me a break,” on my initial viewing of the Hallorann death scene. If you are going to kill the man, fine, drive that ax through his heart. But Kubrick first stripped him of his wit and wisdom, made him care about this white family more than he cared about his own (whom we never seem to learn about), and had him sacrifice himself without hesitation. “Magical negro” and “black guy dies first” tropes aside, this removal of Hallorann’s common sense and agency is the first killing of the character. And Hallorann’s double killing is not an oversight. It is deliberate. Seen through the lens of modern horror cinema, with centralized black characters in Jordan Peele’s Oscar-winning film Get Out, this moment in which Hallorann is caught flat-footed in the hallway, where Jack can spring from the shadows and surprise him—surprise a psychic man—remains an offense, an unforgivable one at that. A future for Hallorann? There might be a way for Hollywood to make amends. To me, at least. I’ve always felt King’s character would make for a great film or television lead. And it seemed for a while the production would happen, with Doctor Sleep director Mike Flanagan at the helm of a prequel and spinoff centering Hallorann. The plans were reportedly scrapped, but I remain hopeful the production will be resurrected, and that I will one day see Hallorann’s back story, his future story, his untold story. A film or series with Hallorann fully rendered, and wielding all of his natural and supernatural abilities just might be magical. But this time, I’m here for it. Tamika Thompson Tamika Thompson is a writer, producer, and journalist. She is the author of Unshod, Cackling, and Naked (Unnerving Books, 2023) and Salamander Justice (Madness Heart Press, 2022). She is co-creator of the artist collective POC United and fiction editor for the group’s award-winning anthology, Graffiti. Her work has appeared or is forthcoming in several speculative fiction anthologies as well as in Interzone, Prairie Schooner, The New York Times, and the Los Angeles Review of Books, among others. Thompson also has producing credits at Clear Channel Media and Entertainment, as well as with NBC and ABC News. She received a Bachelor of Arts in Political Science from Columbia University and a Master of Arts in Journalism from the University of Southern California. She lives in the San Francisco Bay Area. Find her online at www.tamikathompson.com. Website www.tamikathompson.com https://twitter.com/tamikathompson https://www.instagram.com/tamikadthompson/ Slasher https://slasher.tv/tamikathompson Salamander Justice Veda is a successful public relations director who recently relocated to Kauai where she is grieving the murder of her ex-boyfriend Michael. Sam is a self-proclaimed vegan-pacifist who is searching for his life’s purpose despite being supported by his wealthy family. The salamanders that populate the Hawaiian island, that sneak into homes, and scurry across footpaths are simply an afterthought. Believing that Veda is “the one,” Sam introduces her to his family in the hopes that he can turn their friendship into something more, but his plan is thwarted when Veda becomes smitten with his older brother Adam. Strange occurrences befall the trio on the anniversary of Michael’s murder, and as Veda chooses Adam, and as Sam becomes increasingly resentful, the love triangle spirals into a jealousy and anger so strong they begin to question reality. Is the human-like salamander that Veda sees real or imagined? Is the leathery, yellow stripe growing on Sam's chest just in his head? Salamander Justice asks, Which creatures deserve to live? The answer will prove to be deadly. Unshod, Cackling, and Naked. A beauty pageant veteran appeases her mother by competing for one final crown, only to find herself trapped in a hand-sewn gown that cuts into her flesh. A journalist falls deeply in love with a mysterious woman but discovers his beloved can vanish and reappear hours later in the same spot, as if no time has passed at all. A cash-strapped college student agrees to work in a shop window as a mannequin but quickly learns she’s not free to break her pose. And what happens when the family pet decides it no longer wants to have “owners?” In the grim and often horrific thirteen tales collected here, beauty is violent, and love and hate are the same feeling, laid bare by unbridled obsession. Entering worlds both strange and quotidian, and spanning horror landscapes both speculative and real, Unshod, Cackling, and Naked asks who among us is worthy of love and who deserves to die? CHECK OUT TODAY'S OTHER ARTICLES BELOW THE HEART AND SOUL OF HORROR PROMOTION WEBSITES
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Rarely, if ever, has there been a work of satire so niche, so poorly understood and represented on its initial broadcast, but which is recalled with such incredible fondness by those who experienced it. Garth Marenghi's Dark Place: A Retrospective by George Daniel Lea During my early twenties, as a student barely able to keep mind and body together, I recall happening across a late-night broadcast of a show that hooked me almost from the first instant: Crude, poorly shot, ludicrously acted, edited and conceived, I couldn't help but be intrigued enough to not only keep watching, but tune in for every broadcast thereafter. It was only with further exposure to the show I began to realise that, not only were its various technical crudities part of a sophisticated series of running gags (essentially a loving lampoon of crude televisual tropes and shortcomings of 1980s broadcast television), the show knows its subject matter so intimately (in this instance, mass-published horror media of the same era), its various spoofs, satires and show-ups are some of the most trenchant in all of comedy. Purported to be a genuine TV production (albeit one that was never officially aired or even commissioned), Garth Marenghi's Dark Place is a scalpel-sharp satire of genre TV, horror fiction and the cults of personality that so often predominate such phenomena. Marenghi himself is a brilliantly Frankensteinian creation, marrying characteristics from the likes of Stephen King, Dean Koontz, James Herbert, Clive Barker, Shaun Hutson and numerous others fans of the genre will instantly recognise, suffusing the resultant “monster” with a vein of pretentious ignorance that makes itself plain every time he pontificates on subjects he has no business speaking about (everything from horror as a genre and the craft of writing to politics and philosophy are -according to the man himself- part of Marenghi's dubious purview). The genius of the character is how lightly the satire is played; writer and creator Matthew Holness manifests Marenghi with such straight-laced pomposity and narcissistic self-importance, it's almost possible to become inveigled into the mythos of high art that he spins around the show, no matter how ludicrous or absurd it actually gets (indeed, I recall speaking to those who'd perhaps only glimpsed the show or not taken the time to appreciate its satirical nature before switching channels who believed its sincerity). Alongside his rogue's gallery of supporting cast, Marenghi comes across as a clueless, self-important, irascible individual who comprehends little, yet has somehow managed to cobble together a self-sustaining industry around himself in a manner akin to the legendary Tommy Wisseau. Part of the show's sincere genius is its painting of a world as hapless in its assumptions as Marenghi himself. Parodying pompous, self-mythologising documentaries on similar creative endeavours, the various “talking head” interviews that intersperse the episodes of Dark Place treat entirely risible material as high art, weaving a mythology around the show so sincerely communicated -in its ignorance-, it's hard not to get swept up in the self-congratulatory bravura of it all. Marenghi, alongside his editor (night-club owner, pimp, director, editor, cast-mate and general raconteur, Dean Learner) and actor Todd Rivers (magnificently played by the legendary Matt Berry) provide dubious elucidations throughout each episode, commenting not only on the diastrously under-qualified, chaotic (and purportedly lethal, in one or two instances) creation of the show, but also procrastinations on writing, art, acting, direction, philosophy, politics, all of which seem to be derived from 1980s US serials and day-time TV shows (Quantum Leap, The A-Team etc) that were imported onto UK screens. The ego, assumption and general lack of intelligence on display is played with just enough sincerity to lend it a patina of seriousness. Were those performances a molecule more absurd, were the statements they make an inch more extreme, the show would lose something essential to its integrity, i.e. the contrast between these moments of -often quite solemn- speculation and the ill-conceived ridiculousness of Dark Place itself. The dichotomy lends the show a certain complexity of flavour, leavening the sillier moments and sequences of visual or slapstick comedy with a delicious quality of audience doubt. Despite how ridiculous the show gets, the constant insistence that one is experiencing high and forbidden art leaves the audience in a constant quandary: Is this indeed some satirical take on genre television and fiction, as conceived by a genius who wholly apprehends the tropes and conventions of those phenomena? The answer is yes and no; Marenghi himself is totally oblivious to any irony that derives from the show's short-comings. He and his fellows take their work incredibly seriously, and will brook no suggestion that it is anything less. Matt Holness, on the other hand, is acutely aware of that which he satirises, and has a great love of the various genres and mediums the show sends up. This is nowhere more evident than in the realisation of Marenghi himself: the beats that he hits are extremely niche, the references he manifests esoteric to the point of obsurity. Yet, for those of a similar frame of obsession, the references chime profoundly, and reveal that Holness is as much a horror and science fiction buff as he is someone who perceives the short-comings inherent to their popular manifestations. Who would, for example, note Marenghi's deployment of highly idiosyncratic and abstruse terms such as “The Fantastique,” which is a sly dig at Clive Barker's early interviews and TV appearances, or visual elements such as his leather jacket which echo the manner in which James Herbert often appeared in public? Who but horror fans would get the joke of Marenghi himself setting up an institute to harness the apparent psychic potential of children (an overt reference to Stephen King's fascination in his fiction with the same subject)? This is not a cruel or mean-spirited piece of work; trenchant and merciless as it can sometimes be, it also has an incredible love for its subject matter. The sadly limited run of six episodes each revolve around tropes, story structures and subjects familiar to any fan of genre fiction, referencing everything from Doctor Who to the body-horror works of David Cronenberg, TV classics such as Day of the Triffids, Planet of the Apes, the various works of H.P. Lovecraft and Edgar Allen Poe, as well as -stylistically- numerous US TV shows, whose tropes and style of storytelling, cinematography etc the show shamelessly cribs from. Expect absurdities such as exploding ambulances, fast-action (and deliberately poorly shot) chase sequences, horror-comedy segments involving telekinetically-animated office furniture, guns, guns, guns and more guns (bearing in mind the show is ostensibly set in a British hospital) and even a musical sequence in the final episode that is as incongruous as it is hilarious. In terms of the landscape of British comedy at the time of its airing, Dark Place stands as one of the most idiosyncratic and unusual works in the arena. At a time when British comedy was pervaded by political satire and social commentary (owing to the cultural upheavals of the invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan, the various broken promises and atrocities committed by the Blair administraton etc), Dark Place dared to derive comedy from an extremely niche subject, playing to an audience whose erudition and intelligence it had to assume in order to make any kind of impact. Despite Channel 4's frankly baffling marketing and shunting of the show to a graveyard slot on weekday evenings, it only found its audience, but has sustained a mythic status all these years later, such that calls for a return to Dark Place in one medium or another are de rigeur in horror and genre fiction circles. Garth Marenghi himself has become cemented as an ironic figure within the echelons of popular horror writers, such that fans spin their own satires around him and his body of work, from essays, interviews and articles to Twitter stories and blog posts exploring -in fittingly wry fashion- the impact that Marenghi's writing has had on various creators. A significant factor of the show's success is the aforementioned respect it has for its target audience: at a time when focus-grouped and written-by-committee, edited-by-test-audience projects were producing the most bland, inoffensive work imaginable, Dark Place remained steadfastly true to its core spirit and foundational conceits, relying on its audience to be literate and intelligent enough to understand its satire and the molecular detail that pervades every performance, sequence and episode. It might seem strange to the casual viewer to state, but appreciation of Dark Place in its totality requires a sincere degree of background in horror, science fiction and genre media in general, not to mention an understanding of 1970s/1980s TV trends and tropes. This makes the show an incredibly unique project with a deliberately targeted and exclusive core audience. Rather than attempting to dilute itself in order to appeal to a wider demographic (always death to any sincere creative project), Dark Place doubles down at every instance, throwing out references and visual gags that only those immersed in such topics will even perceive, much less understand. For all the overt silliness and -aesthetic- crudity of the show, the subtlety of its comedy cannot be over-emphasised: For every slapstick gag or cleverly masked joke, there are a hundred visual details, felicities of performance, writing and direction that aren't laugh out loud funny, but feed into the ethos of the show and make it an environment where humour foments. This is even evident in the physical editing; scenes are deliberately choppy and poorly constructed, continuity is a gaff-laden nightmare and framing is naïve as only something produced by those with no background, training or experience in film can be. Performance-wise, this factor is particularly acute with regards to Dean Learner, ably played by Richard Ayoade, whose “performance” as Thornton Reed is bad in a way that only a truly great actor could conceive: Learner constantly misses his marks, doesn't know where to stand, glances at the camera, mugs, runs through his lines without emphasis or emotion and interacts woodenly with the props on set. It's a genuinely brilliant performance that identifies everything that an actor can do wrong and goes for it with gusto. This factor is complemented by various sequences in which rushed and poorly-dubbed voice-overs have been used to communicate exposition or back story. Catching these sequences in isolation, audiences might be forgiven for wondering what in blue Hell they've discovered, how any product airing on TV could be quite so bad. However, as part of the whole, they are sincerely brilliant details that serve to complexify the final product, layering in shades and levels of humour it might not otherwise possess. Nothing here is arbitrary, from line-readings to framing, from the physical performances of actors to the jerky, often baffling editing decisions. Dark Place thereby provides a satire not only of genre fiction, but of televisual media itself: Marenghi and his team are effectively presumptuous ignorami who have no idea what they're doing or the protocols and processes of production, but do it anyway, driven by an unshakeable belief in the apparent artistry of their project that's as oddly admirable as it is bone-headedly, obsessively masochistic (whilst there's little elucidation regarding the untimely end of the project, Marenghi, Rivers and Learner provide subtle suggestions of a disastrous conclusion, which -purportedly- resulted in the deaths of crew members, the suspicius disapprearance of lead actress Madelaine Wool and various unspecified criminal investigations). The apparent “salvaging” of the legendary TV show some twenty years later is treated like a renaissance, an event that has almost spiritual significance for television and wider fiction, despite the evidence of the audience's eyes and ears. Dark Place's presumptuous inneptitude is ignored in favour of a self-inflating mythologisation, that talks about all involved as though they're operating on a level that general culture and more humdrum mortals can't begin to conceive. The delivery of these assessments is played so straight, it's possible to often miss the subtle linguistic jokes and references the cast crack, as well as to be sincerely drawn into the narrative oneself. Rarely, if ever, has there been a work of satire so niche, so poorly understood and represented on its initial broadcast, but which is recalled with such incredible fondness by those who experienced it. If you're an aficionado of horror media -or genre works in general-, Garth Marenghi's Dark Place is essential viewing. To paraphrase the man himself, if you're yet to experience the phenomena: “...put conventional logic to one side, and enjoy. Well, I say enjoy...” Garth Marenghi’s TerrorTome |
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